错流式生物滴滤床净化甲苯废气

采用焦化厂污泥为菌源驯化甲苯降解菌，接种错流式生物滴滤床，净化含甲苯废气。研究了生物滴滤床的挂膜启动和长期运行情况，填料和营养液对滴滤床去除能力的影响，并对长期运行的压降进行了观察分析。反应器挂膜启动需要6 d时间，稳定运行的平均去除效率为95％，单位体积最大去除负荷为251 g/(m³·h)。结果表明，采用错流式生物滴滤床可以有效去除甲苯废气；以比表面积大的生物陶粒作为填料以及定期适量更换营养液，均有助于提高生物滴滤床的去除能力；错流式生物滴滤床具有压降小、气液分布均匀的特点。     

Fenton法氧化处理水中土霉素的研究

为了评价Fenton法预处理抗生素生产废水中残留的高浓度土霉素的可行性,对Fenton试剂(Fe2 -H2O2)法催化氧化降解水溶液中的土霉素进行了研究.探讨了H2O2与Fe2 投加比例、投加量以及起始pH值对降解效果的影响,同时考察了土霉素废水中大量共存的草酸根离子对氧化过程的影响.结果表明,当H2O2与Fe2 按照5:1的比例投加时降解效率最高,最佳初始pH值在3.0-4.0之间.在最佳投加比例下,H2O2投加量为0.9 mmol/L,100 mg/L的土霉素可在10 min内得到完全降解.最佳反应条件下经过处理后土霉素水溶液TOC的去除率达40%左右,可生化性(BOD5/COD)也得到明显的改善.水中共存的草酸根离子对氧化效率具有明显的影响,但通过增加亚铁离子的量可以消除草酸的影响.     

关于长江产业带建设总体布局的初步思考

重点开发长江是90年代中国经济重大战略布署。将长江产业带建设成具有强大经济实力的国家一级经济轴线,宜采用分层次推进与中心辐射相结合的发展战略,以浦东开发和三峡建设为契机,加强基础产业,发展新兴产业和第三产业,优化产业结构,以能源和交通建设先行,改善基础设施。同时,要协调产业带建设与浦东开发、三峡工程建设的关系。     

沟渠式生物接触氧化法对有机物和氨氮的去除研究

生物接触氧化工艺是目前较为成熟的水质净化技术,国内外在河流水质净化、水体修复中都有较多的研究和应用.在实验室采用沟渠式生物接触氧化组合系统处理模拟村庄面源污水,较好地去除了有机物并实现氨氮转化.结果表明,当进水COD为130～290mg/L、氨氮为30～40mg/L、水力负荷为0.19～0.24m3/(m2·d)的条件下,该系统稳定运行11周,COD和氨氮的平均去除率分别达85%和79%.     

双循环多级水幕脱硫塔的设计和性能测试

双循环多级水幕脱硫塔是在常规两段式湿法脱硫塔基础上加以改进而成的新型脱硫塔,其双循环浆液采用不同pH控制,低pH促进CaCO2溶解,高pH提高SO2吸收效果;同时,多级水幕强化气液流态,增加气液接触面积和传质动力,促进对SO2的吸收.实验利用SPSSV13.0软件进行正交实验设计,通过数据分析得出两个不同的优化运行方案,再利用多指标分析法中的综合平衡法进行单因素实验,得出最优运行方案.在最优运行方案条件下,即烟气流量为100 m3/h,上循环浆液pH为6.0,下循环浆液pH为4.8,上、下循环液气比均为20 L/m3,人口 SO2质量浓度为1 000mg/m3时,脱硫效率达97.8%,CaCO3利用率为95.2%,钙硫质量比约为1.03.双循环多级水幕脱硫塔具有良好的应用前景,实验结果对现场脱硫系统的调试和运行有很好的参考价值.     

江汉平原粮食开发必须走优质高产高效的道路

分析江汉平原粮食生产的优势与问题,运用商品经济的观念,提出改革开放新形势下加快江汉平原粮食开发的设想,即依托市场,按照价值规律,科学地调整种植业比例和粮食种类结构,发展优质品种,扩大优化模式及采用高新技术等,通过优质、高产、高效,促进江汉平原粮食生产的发展。     

南宁城市大气污染对人体健康的危害及治理对策

南宁市大气属煤烟型污染 ,大气的主要污染物为SO2 、NOx、TSP、降尘 ,虽然随着环境管理和污染治理工作的加强 ,污染物浓度逐年下降 ,但是工业区大气污染仍然较重。污染物流行病学调查显示 :工业区癌症和呼吸系统疾病死亡率均高于全市平均水平 2倍左右 ,城区又高于郊区 2倍 ,大气污染综合指数与呼吸内科门诊就诊人数呈正相关。用邓聚龙的灰色系统理论分析得知污染物对癌症和呼吸系统疾病死亡率有关联 ,关联度从大到小排序为 :TSP >降尘 >SO2 >NOx ,最后提出了大气污染治理的对策。     

Study on the Balance of Agricultural Water and Land Resources on Ningxia Plain

The article puts forward the process and means of regional water and land balance research, and then from two scenarios which are the balances under natural regulation and human intervention, calculated and analysed the balance between water and land on Ningxia Plain. For the balance under natural regulation named farmland water balance, using farmland water resource balance equation, the research estimated the monthly farmland＂ water balance of 8 major crops for all of the 12 counties on Ningxia Plain in the period of 1960-2001; for the balance under human intervention, the research estimated land-use water balance equation of the counties in 2000, and calculated the balance between land use and water resources including irrigating water of all the 12 counties on Ningxia Plain. Results showed that ①precipitation can not meet the water demand of the crops for growth and development on Ningxia Plain, and water shortage is the primary character of farmland water balance under natural regulation. ②the diversity of water and land balance of different counties is distinctly influenced by the crop structure, water quantity for irrigation and irrigation level. ③Irrigation water could meet the crop water demand on Ningxia Plain in 2000, but there was not much space to expand irrigating cultivated land.     

Changes Of Hydrological Environment And Their Influences On Coastal Wetlands InThe Southern Laizhou Bay, China

The structure and function of the coastal wetland ecosystem in the southern Laizhou Bay have been changed greatly and influenced by regional hydrological changes. The coastal wetlands have degraded significantly during the latest 30 years due to successive drought, decreasing of runoff, pollution, underground saline water intrusion, and aggravating marine disasters such as storm tides and sea level rising. Most archaic lakes have vanished, while artificial wetlands have been extending since natural coastal wetlands replaced by salt areas and ponds of shrimps and crabs. The pollution of sediments in inter-tidal wetlands and the pollution of water quality in sub-tidal wetlands are getting worse and therefore “red tides” happen more often than before. The biodiversity in the study area has been decreased. Further studies are still needed to protect the degraded coastal wetlands in the area.     

超临界CO2回收线路板工艺研究

采用正交试验设计进行了超临界CO₂回收废弃印刷线路板的实验。以温度、压强、时间和夹带剂为实验因素，通过对实验前后样本在重量、厚度、弯曲强度和断裂强度四方面变化的分析考察了各实验因素对实验效果的影响。实验结果表明，影响超临界CO₂法回收印刷线路板的最主要因素为温度、时间和夹带剂，超临界CO₂法回收废弃印刷线路板的最佳工艺条件：温度270℃，压强大于7.38 MPa，时间3 h，夹带剂(水)160 mL。实验进一步验证了压强对实验结果的非显著性影响。